Childhood Testing For Late Onset Genetic Diseases

One of the most captivating chapters throughout her book, Genetic Dilemmas, is her argument against childhood testing for late-onset genetic diseases. She also discussed how parental knowledge of the results violates the child’s right to an open future and can strain the relationship between parent and child. Yet, Dena Davis has been criticized for these claims in many publications, including a popular article by Mary Ann Sevick. In this paper, I will argue that children should not be forced to know their fate and show that the critics are not looking at the bigger picture. Davis recognizes in the first part of the chapter that there are both advantages and disadvantages to having children tested in order to assess their carrier status. She articulates that when working with a disease like Huntington’s Disease, which is dominant so you only need to be carrying one copy of the gene in order to be affected, the cons of knowing your fate far outweigh the pros. Presymptomatic testing leads to a spiral of possible â€Å"over-testing†, depression, difficulty obtaining health care, and even â€Å"survivor guilt† for those who do not carry the disease. Yet, those who have gotten test atest to the fact that they are able to plan ahead for their future and evaluate their reproductive choices with more certainty. This then leads us back into Davis’ â€Å"right to an open future argument†. Davis states, â€Å"The right of privacy that the child will have when she becomes an adult...should be respectedShow MoreRelatedThe Disadvant ages of Genetic Testing on Children Discussed in Dena Davis Book Genetic Dilemmas2357 Words   |  10 Pagesof her book Genetic Dilemmas, Dena Davis asserts that it is unethical for parents to subject their children to genetic testing for the markers of adult-onset genetic diseases because it places an unfair constraint on a child’s right to an open future. It both removes the child’s ability to choose whether to be tested as an adult and has the potential to negatively alter the overall trajectory of their lives. While the current consensus amongst medical professionals is that such testing should beRead MoreChildren At Risk For Late Onset Diseases3939 Words   |  16 Pageschildren tested for any late-onset diseases if that child is at risk. The professional consensus of most medical professionals (Kopelman), do not agree and claim that testing children for late-onset diseases not only affects the child in a negative manner, but also negatively influences the par ents’ relationship with that specific child (Davis). I argue that children at risk for late-onset disorders, such as Huntington’s or Alzheimer’s disease, should not be tested for such genetic markers at the requestRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1010 Words   |  5 Pagestreated by psychiatrist. In addition to the complexity and (*flexibility* not the right word) of the disease another reason for misdiagnosis is lack of objective laboratory-based testing. One study trying to determine an objective protocol uses Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and metabonomics. NMR is a well-established strategy for identifying disease-specific biomarkers, those disease-specific biomarkers being metabolites in various biofluids such as plasma, serum, and urine. This specificRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Polycystic Kidney Disease752 Words   |  4 PagesAssessment details: An Inherited Genetic Disease Title: Polycystic Kidney Disease Introduction Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a fairly common genetic disorder of the kidneys. It affects approximately 1in 750 people. There are 2 types, the autosomal dominant (ADPKD) and the autosomal recessive (ARPKD). Autosomal dominant (ADPKD) is far more common of the two. The disease presents with lots of cysts on the kidneys and can not be cured. Medication can manage the symptoms. The symptoms includeRead MoreSchizophrenia Is A Disease Process That Is Characterized By Periods Of Irrational Behavior, Emotional Changes1046 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a disease process that is characterized by periods of irrational behavior, emotional changes, and distorted views of reality. According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, this illness affects about one percent of the population. In the past, the general belief about schizophrenia was that it was untreatable and that all patients with this disease needed to be institutionalized. Although that could still be a viable option in isolated cases of extreme psychosisRead MoreThe Effects Of Prenatal Screening On Children984 Words   |  4 Pages Prenatal screening is used to detect any potential diseases or disabilities that a fetus may have or develop in the future. Many procedures are done to test said fetus, including analyzing a sample of amniotic fluid or testing a few cells from the placenta. Various genetic disorders are tested for, such as mental retardation, sickle cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs. Once informed of a fetus’ potential defects, the parents can then decide to either carry the fetus to full term or terminate the pregnancyRead MoreSchizophreni A Common And Serious Disorder Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesevidence,† Elizabeth Wals h, Alec Buchanan and Thomas Fahy discuss that, â€Å"In the United States alone there are a minimum of two million schizophrenics.† Though schizophrenia is a widely known disorder that has been common in the United States since the late 1880s, its causes are not yet fully known. Schizophrenia not only affects the patient; it can also lead to serious emotional damage to the person’s family. In their 2015 publication, â€Å"Visualization analysis of author collaborations in schizophreniaRead MoreLorenzos Oil1765 Words   |  8 Pages What is the movie all about? Lorenzo’s Oil Lorenzo is the son of Michaela and Augusto Odone. He begins to have strange memory problems and blackouts. At age 6, he is diagnosed with the childhood cerebral form of ALD, a progressive degenerative nervous system disorder. There is no cure for this disease and his parents are told he will become totally disabled and die in a few years. Michaela and Augusto, devastated by Lorenzos diagnosis, decide to research ALD even though neither has a scientificRead MoreLorenzos Oil1757 Words   |  8 Pages1. What is the movie all about? Lorenzo’s Oil Lorenzo is the son of Michaela and Augusto Odone. He begins to have strange memory problems and blackouts. At age 6, he is diagnosed with the childhood cerebral form of ALD, a progressive degenerative nervous system disorder. There is no cure for this disease and his parents are told he will become totally disabled and die in a few years. Michaela and Augusto, devastated by Lorenzos diagnosis, decide to research ALD even though neither has a scientificRead MoreAging : Silent Killers Of The Aging Body1840 Words   |  8 Pageslifetime will face the process of aging through various life stages beginning from being born, which is infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. The infancy stage takes places between the time of birth and 1 year of age, early childhood takes place between 1 year of age and 6 years of age, and late childhood takes place between 6 years of age and 12 years of age. Adolescence takes place between 12 years of age and 20 years

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Expression Tinker V....

What if you were suspended from school because of something you were wearing? Not only was the clothing or item appropriate, it was something you were fighting for or something you believe is right. Is this fair or okay for this to happen? There is a specific incident that this situation happened to a few teenagers in Des Moines, Iowa in December of 1965. A group of students wanting to wear black armbands throughout the holiday season was in for a wake up call. (FORTAS) These plans and or idea were quickly shot down by the high school principals. The principals caught wind of the teen’s plan, so there was a meeting a few days beforehand. The talk of the meeting was to ensure the teens that if they were to wear the black armbands a few†¦show more content†¦If students were shouting and protesting in classrooms, the school would be able to step in because it causes other students to be distracted from their schoolwork.† (CALAGNA) Has freedom of speech changed since then? Some schools nowadays punish kids for online social media comments. (WHEELER) For example, if a student posts something on Facebook, and another kid comments on that status with a rude remark, the kid who posted it could take that to the principal’s office and the kid who commented on it could get in trouble. Some could say it was cyber-bullying, some could say it was just a witty/rude remark, not meant to be taken seriously. Is this a violation of free speech/expression? Another reason school authority figures have a lot of power over whether or not a student gets in trouble for what they say, posts, or wears, is that the school can discipline a student just because they personally or morally did not like the comment/post. Most of the time, the kids that get in trouble for something they post are in their own home, on their own laptop, during their free time outside of school. So why does the school have so much power over these si tuations the majority of the time? â€Å"The digital age, with its wonderful capacity to democratize speech, is so important to students’ rights, but also carries new and interesting threats to students’ rights,† Tinker says. â€Å"If we don’t encourage young people to use theirShow MoreRelatedThe Tinker V. Des Moines Independent School District Decision Of 1969952 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most well-known Supreme Cases involving student rights was the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District decision of 1969. The verdict quickly became a precedent for many other decisions involving school issues and is very relevant today. In December of 1965, students attending Des Moines Public Schools held a meeting at Christopher Eckhardt s house to conduct a plan to show their support for a truce in the ongoing Vietnam War. They resolved to wear black armbands during the holidayRead MoreThe Tinker Vs. Des Moines Case1498 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States is one of the few nations that guarantees and protects freedom of expression of its citizens. Freedom of expression is defined as a right to voice ones beliefs and ideas without any harm. Under the Bill of Rights, the government has no power to restrict these unalienable rights. The First Amendment is exceedingly important to the liberty and freedom of individuals. It guarantees citizens the ability to express themselves, worship, voice their opinions, and rally to situations theyRead MoreStudent s Expression Of Religious Beliefs Within The Classroom808 Words   |  4 PagesEventually, teachers, in the public school system, will find themselves in the crosshai rs in the debate over a student’s expression of religious beliefs within the classroom. What should a teacher do if a student decides to submit an essay on Jesus as their hero accompanied by a drawing of the Last Supper? Should the teacher accept the student’s submission? If so, will the assignment be displayed on the classroom wall? By investigations the students’ religious rights under the First AmendmentRead MoreThe Battle Over The Religious Homework809 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle Over the Religious Homework Eventually, teachers, in the public school system, will find themselves in the crosshairs in the debate over a student’s expression of religious beliefs within the classroom. What should a teacher do if a student decides to submit an essay on Jesus as their hero accompanied by a drawing of the Last Supper? Should the teacher accept the student’s submission? If so, will the assignment be displayed on the classroom wall? By investigations the students’ religiousRead MoreHow the Earl Warren Court Liberalized America Essay842 Words   |  4 Pagescourt cases of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966), where these court cases helped define Due Process and the rights of defendants. Another way the Warren Court liberalized America, is through the cases of Tinker v. Des Moines ISD (1969), Engle v. Vitale (1962), and New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), where the Supreme Court sought to expand the scope of application of the First Amendment, however also limiting those freedoms as well. Lastly, theRead MoreThe 1st Amendment : The Rights Of The First Amendment1572 Words   |  7 PagesStates Constitution, the First Amendment states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (Gold). Historically, as demonstrated in cases such as Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, the U.S. Supreme Court, as well as the government in general, has well-upheld this amendment, butRead MoreThe United States Constitution Is The Backbone Of Our Country1861 Words   |  8 Pagesestablishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress o f grievances† (law.cornell.edu). The First Amendment guarantees our freedom of expression. Arguably our most beloved Amendment, it was written first for a reason. While our 1st Amendment rights do not become void inside the confines of a school, they are not unrestricted. The Tinker v. Des MoinesRead MoreStudent Rights : Censorship, Privacy, And Speech1695 Words   |  7 Pagesrights are one of the rights that are different from the outside world. Unlike the news, which can t be censored at all in the United States, school papers can be censored under certain circumstances. For example, in the supreme court case Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, a school paper from a Journalism class was censored for having an article about a divorce and two teenage pregnancies in the school and included close examples that were almost specific to the students involved. The principal of the schoolRead MoreTattoos And The First Amendment Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesAmendment of the Constitution assu res individuals such civil liberties as the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. Freedom of speech preserves not only an individual’s right to vocally express themselves unabridged, it also allows them the right to burn the American flag, engage in silent protest, and more recently (2016), get a tattoo. In some respects, freedom of speech has come to mean the freedom of communication. Communication can be defined as the exchange of a thoughtRead MorePublic Policy : Freedom Of Speech1235 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Public Policy: Freedom of Speech Around the world governments are placing laws to criminalize different religions, minorities, and offensive expression . The United States up hold the beliefs of â€Å"land of the free† publicizing that the constitution gives Americans rights some countries may not offer . The United States of America stands on the beliefs of the Constitution which includes the first ten amendments . The first being Amendment One which addresses freedom of religion, press, and assemble

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Expression Tinker V....

What if you were suspended from school because of something you were wearing? Not only was the clothing or item appropriate, it was something you were fighting for or something you believe is right. Is this fair or okay for this to happen? There is a specific incident that this situation happened to a few teenagers in Des Moines, Iowa in December of 1965. A group of students wanting to wear black armbands throughout the holiday season was in for a wake up call. (FORTAS) These plans and or idea were quickly shot down by the high school principals. The principals caught wind of the teen’s plan, so there was a meeting a few days beforehand. The talk of the meeting was to ensure the teens that if they were to wear the black armbands a few†¦show more content†¦If students were shouting and protesting in classrooms, the school would be able to step in because it causes other students to be distracted from their schoolwork.† (CALAGNA) Has freedom of speech changed since then? Some schools nowadays punish kids for online social media comments. (WHEELER) For example, if a student posts something on Facebook, and another kid comments on that status with a rude remark, the kid who posted it could take that to the principal’s office and the kid who commented on it could get in trouble. Some could say it was cyber-bullying, some could say it was just a witty/rude remark, not meant to be taken seriously. Is this a violation of free speech/expression? Another reason school authority figures have a lot of power over whether or not a student gets in trouble for what they say, posts, or wears, is that the school can discipline a student just because they personally or morally did not like the comment/post. Most of the time, the kids that get in trouble for something they post are in their own home, on their own laptop, during their free time outside of school. So why does the school have so much power over these si tuations the majority of the time? â€Å"The digital age, with its wonderful capacity to democratize speech, is so important to students’ rights, but also carries new and interesting threats to students’ rights,† Tinker says. â€Å"If we don’t encourage young people to use theirShow MoreRelatedThe Tinker V. Des Moines Independent School District Decision Of 1969952 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most well-known Supreme Cases involving student rights was the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District decision of 1969. The verdict quickly became a precedent for many other decisions involving school issues and is very relevant today. In December of 1965, students attending Des Moines Public Schools held a meeting at Christopher Eckhardt s house to conduct a plan to show their support for a truce in the ongoing Vietnam War. They resolved to wear black armbands during the holidayRead MoreThe Tinker Vs. Des Moines Case1498 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States is one of the few nations that guarantees and protects freedom of expression of its citizens. Freedom of expression is defined as a right to voice ones beliefs and ideas without any harm. Under the Bill of Rights, the government has no power to restrict these unalienable rights. The First Amendment is exceedingly important to the liberty and freedom of individuals. It guarantees citizens the ability to express themselves, worship, voice their opinions, and rally to situations theyRead MoreStudent s Expression Of Religious Beliefs Within The Classroom808 Words   |  4 PagesEventually, teachers, in the public school system, will find themselves in the crosshai rs in the debate over a student’s expression of religious beliefs within the classroom. What should a teacher do if a student decides to submit an essay on Jesus as their hero accompanied by a drawing of the Last Supper? Should the teacher accept the student’s submission? If so, will the assignment be displayed on the classroom wall? By investigations the students’ religious rights under the First AmendmentRead MoreThe Battle Over The Religious Homework809 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle Over the Religious Homework Eventually, teachers, in the public school system, will find themselves in the crosshairs in the debate over a student’s expression of religious beliefs within the classroom. What should a teacher do if a student decides to submit an essay on Jesus as their hero accompanied by a drawing of the Last Supper? Should the teacher accept the student’s submission? If so, will the assignment be displayed on the classroom wall? By investigations the students’ religiousRead MoreHow the Earl Warren Court Liberalized America Essay842 Words   |  4 Pagescourt cases of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966), where these court cases helped define Due Process and the rights of defendants. Another way the Warren Court liberalized America, is through the cases of Tinker v. Des Moines ISD (1969), Engle v. Vitale (1962), and New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), where the Supreme Court sought to expand the scope of application of the First Amendment, however also limiting those freedoms as well. Lastly, theRead MoreThe 1st Amendment : The Rights Of The First Amendment1572 Words   |  7 PagesStates Constitution, the First Amendment states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (Gold). Historically, as demonstrated in cases such as Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, the U.S. Supreme Court, as well as the government in general, has well-upheld this amendment, butRead MoreThe United States Constitution Is The Backbone Of Our Country1861 Words   |  8 Pagesestablishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress o f grievances† (law.cornell.edu). The First Amendment guarantees our freedom of expression. Arguably our most beloved Amendment, it was written first for a reason. While our 1st Amendment rights do not become void inside the confines of a school, they are not unrestricted. The Tinker v. Des MoinesRead MoreStudent Rights : Censorship, Privacy, And Speech1695 Words   |  7 Pagesrights are one of the rights that are different from the outside world. Unlike the news, which can t be censored at all in the United States, school papers can be censored under certain circumstances. For example, in the supreme court case Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, a school paper from a Journalism class was censored for having an article about a divorce and two teenage pregnancies in the school and included close examples that were almost specific to the students involved. The principal of the schoolRead MoreTattoos And The First Amendment Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesAmendment of the Constitution assu res individuals such civil liberties as the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. Freedom of speech preserves not only an individual’s right to vocally express themselves unabridged, it also allows them the right to burn the American flag, engage in silent protest, and more recently (2016), get a tattoo. In some respects, freedom of speech has come to mean the freedom of communication. Communication can be defined as the exchange of a thoughtRead MorePublic Policy : Freedom Of Speech1235 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Public Policy: Freedom of Speech Around the world governments are placing laws to criminalize different religions, minorities, and offensive expression . The United States up hold the beliefs of â€Å"land of the free† publicizing that the constitution gives Americans rights some countries may not offer . The United States of America stands on the beliefs of the Constitution which includes the first ten amendments . The first being Amendment One which addresses freedom of religion, press, and assemble

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Expression Tinker V....

What if you were suspended from school because of something you were wearing? Not only was the clothing or item appropriate, it was something you were fighting for or something you believe is right. Is this fair or okay for this to happen? There is a specific incident that this situation happened to a few teenagers in Des Moines, Iowa in December of 1965. A group of students wanting to wear black armbands throughout the holiday season was in for a wake up call. (FORTAS) These plans and or idea were quickly shot down by the high school principals. The principals caught wind of the teen’s plan, so there was a meeting a few days beforehand. The talk of the meeting was to ensure the teens that if they were to wear the black armbands a few†¦show more content†¦If students were shouting and protesting in classrooms, the school would be able to step in because it causes other students to be distracted from their schoolwork.† (CALAGNA) Has freedom of speech changed since then? Some schools nowadays punish kids for online social media comments. (WHEELER) For example, if a student posts something on Facebook, and another kid comments on that status with a rude remark, the kid who posted it could take that to the principal’s office and the kid who commented on it could get in trouble. Some could say it was cyber-bullying, some could say it was just a witty/rude remark, not meant to be taken seriously. Is this a violation of free speech/expression? Another reason school authority figures have a lot of power over whether or not a student gets in trouble for what they say, posts, or wears, is that the school can discipline a student just because they personally or morally did not like the comment/post. Most of the time, the kids that get in trouble for something they post are in their own home, on their own laptop, during their free time outside of school. So why does the school have so much power over these si tuations the majority of the time? â€Å"The digital age, with its wonderful capacity to democratize speech, is so important to students’ rights, but also carries new and interesting threats to students’ rights,† Tinker says. â€Å"If we don’t encourage young people to use theirShow MoreRelatedThe Tinker V. Des Moines Independent School District Decision Of 1969952 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most well-known Supreme Cases involving student rights was the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District decision of 1969. The verdict quickly became a precedent for many other decisions involving school issues and is very relevant today. In December of 1965, students attending Des Moines Public Schools held a meeting at Christopher Eckhardt s house to conduct a plan to show their support for a truce in the ongoing Vietnam War. They resolved to wear black armbands during the holidayRead MoreThe Tinker Vs. Des Moines Case1498 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States is one of the few nations that guarantees and protects freedom of expression of its citizens. Freedom of expression is defined as a right to voice ones beliefs and ideas without any harm. Under the Bill of Rights, the government has no power to restrict these unalienable rights. The First Amendment is exceedingly important to the liberty and freedom of individuals. It guarantees citizens the ability to express themselves, worship, voice their opinions, and rally to situations theyRead MoreStudent s Expression Of Religious Beliefs Within The Classroom808 Words   |  4 PagesEventually, teachers, in the public school system, will find themselves in the crosshai rs in the debate over a student’s expression of religious beliefs within the classroom. What should a teacher do if a student decides to submit an essay on Jesus as their hero accompanied by a drawing of the Last Supper? Should the teacher accept the student’s submission? If so, will the assignment be displayed on the classroom wall? By investigations the students’ religious rights under the First AmendmentRead MoreThe Battle Over The Religious Homework809 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle Over the Religious Homework Eventually, teachers, in the public school system, will find themselves in the crosshairs in the debate over a student’s expression of religious beliefs within the classroom. What should a teacher do if a student decides to submit an essay on Jesus as their hero accompanied by a drawing of the Last Supper? Should the teacher accept the student’s submission? If so, will the assignment be displayed on the classroom wall? By investigations the students’ religiousRead MoreHow the Earl Warren Court Liberalized America Essay842 Words   |  4 Pagescourt cases of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966), where these court cases helped define Due Process and the rights of defendants. Another way the Warren Court liberalized America, is through the cases of Tinker v. Des Moines ISD (1969), Engle v. Vitale (1962), and New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), where the Supreme Court sought to expand the scope of application of the First Amendment, however also limiting those freedoms as well. Lastly, theRead MoreThe 1st Amendment : The Rights Of The First Amendment1572 Words   |  7 PagesStates Constitution, the First Amendment states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (Gold). Historically, as demonstrated in cases such as Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, the U.S. Supreme Court, as well as the government in general, has well-upheld this amendment, butRead MoreThe United States Constitution Is The Backbone Of Our Country1861 Words   |  8 Pagesestablishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress o f grievances† (law.cornell.edu). The First Amendment guarantees our freedom of expression. Arguably our most beloved Amendment, it was written first for a reason. While our 1st Amendment rights do not become void inside the confines of a school, they are not unrestricted. The Tinker v. Des MoinesRead MoreStudent Rights : Censorship, Privacy, And Speech1695 Words   |  7 Pagesrights are one of the rights that are different from the outside world. Unlike the news, which can t be censored at all in the United States, school papers can be censored under certain circumstances. For example, in the supreme court case Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, a school paper from a Journalism class was censored for having an article about a divorce and two teenage pregnancies in the school and included close examples that were almost specific to the students involved. The principal of the schoolRead MoreTattoos And The First Amendment Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesAmendment of the Constitution assu res individuals such civil liberties as the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. Freedom of speech preserves not only an individual’s right to vocally express themselves unabridged, it also allows them the right to burn the American flag, engage in silent protest, and more recently (2016), get a tattoo. In some respects, freedom of speech has come to mean the freedom of communication. Communication can be defined as the exchange of a thoughtRead MorePublic Policy : Freedom Of Speech1235 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Public Policy: Freedom of Speech Around the world governments are placing laws to criminalize different religions, minorities, and offensive expression . The United States up hold the beliefs of â€Å"land of the free† publicizing that the constitution gives Americans rights some countries may not offer . The United States of America stands on the beliefs of the Constitution which includes the first ten amendments . The first being Amendment One which addresses freedom of religion, press, and assemble

Caucasians and African Americans Free Essays

Without Reservation is a history of how the Mashantucket Pequot tribe, composed mostly of Caucasians and African Americans who exaggerated or fabricated their Native American ancestry, rose to power in the 1980s and 1990s. In addition, it exposes how they were corrupted by money, power, and influence, creating and essentially looting the world’s largest casino-resort complex. The first third of the book traces the Pequots’ formation in the early 1970s, when Indian rights attorney Tom Tureen sought the location of a defunct Pequot reservation near Ledyard, Connecticut. We will write a custom essay sample on Caucasians and African Americans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tureen met Richard â€Å"Skip† Hayward, a laborer and failed preacher with rather dubious claims of Indian ancestry; his grandmother was the daughter of a black father and a mother listed as Indian on some documents. (Benedict 146) Declaring himself an Indian (which he had never done before), Hayward basically charmed his way into becoming chief of a tribe who history was at best murky, attracting a growing number of members whose Indian blood was as non-existent as his own. Most were Hayward’s own relatives; said Tureen, â€Å"The Pequots are all Haywards. † (Benedict 59) With Tureen’s help, Hayward gained political power and access to government money by arousing and shrewdly manipulating public sympathy for Native Americans. The tribe’s members were mostly non-Indian, simply claiming identity with an oppressed people was convincing enough; according to Tureen, â€Å"We never had to lie or mislead anybody. . . . We were never questioned about those other aspects. † (Benedict 117) In 1992, the Mashantucket Pequot opened Foxwoods, then the world’s largest casino, on tribal land and with funding by both the federal government and Chinese-Malaysian financiers Lim Goh Tong and Colin Au. (Benedict 213) The casino, exempt from paying taxes, was then the only such resort in New England and proved itself quickly profitable; its 1995 gambling profits exceeded $300 million. (Benedict 295-296) Though Hayward was something of a con artist (he had been a failed blue-collar laborer and preacher, and his revival of the Pequot tribe smacked of chicanery), he was ambitious and tried to build Foxwoods into a larger complex, with a wide array of entertainment offerings, including an Indian museum. However, many of the newly-attracted members had hoped to avoid working and live for free on the reservation; as it was, Hayward provided members living there with homes, stipends, and free college educations. Ultimately, tribal elder Kenny Reels, whose Indian ancestry was as dubious and invented as Hayward’s (Benedict 232-234), led a disgruntled group of members and deposed Hayward as leader, aiming instead of skim and enjoy the profits. Said one member: â€Å"I haven’t got my first million. My wife’s got to work. People should be enjoying themselves. Why can’t I have a BMW? † (Benedict 293) Ironically, Hayward, a somewhat shady character, had tried to behave as a legitimate leader and businessman after Foxwoods opened, only to be ousted by former supporters. Today, Foxwoods brings in immense amounts of money but is deeply in debt due to the current Pequot leaders’ gross mismanagement. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS Without Reservation relates to the hospitality industry by illustrating some of the less savory aspects of gaming, giving ample detail of the political maneuvering necessary to bring both the Mashantucket Pequot and Foxwoods into existence. Hayward was basically a classic huckster, promoting himself as an Indian (which misled Tureen and many others who helped him) and envisioned a grand project that would make him and his followers rich. The tribe used its political connections to overcome not only fierce local opposition to the casino in the late 1980s and early 1990s, but also environmental regulations (from which Indian casinos are exempt, like taxes). Foxwoods’ construction irrevocably changed the surrounding countryside, removing thousands of trees and much of the local wildlife. (Benedict 226-227) Like many businesses, gaming depends on those relationships to politicians on various levels, but gaming is more controversial due to communities’ concerns about the effects casinos supposedly have – namely, increases in crime and political corruption. Indeed, the Pequot reservation and surrounding communities witnessed a sharp rise in violence and drug activity in the late 1990s, widely attributed to the casino. Indeed, current tribal leader Kenny Reels’ own nephew was imprisoned for rape and drug offenses. (Benedict 347) In addition, it shows the perils of mismanagement. Skip Hayward, while not a polished professional with a business background, tried to run Foxwoods and the tribe cleanly, carefully watching the profits and planning to put them back into future expansions. Sensing a â€Å"classic product cycle† when Foxwoods’ novelty began wearing off, Hayward tried to add shopping, a museum, and other venues. (Benedict 266-267) However, an accomplished CEO who fired a crooked auditor was forced to quit, shortly before Hayward himself was ousted by a corrupt element of the tribal leadership. Since then, the casino continues to enjoy high revenues from gambling but is in serious financial disarray; because tribal leaders have routinely dipped into the profits for their own uses (and for their supporters), Foxwoods has had trouble repaying its construction loans and has descended into deep debt. CRITIQUE A fast read for its length, Without Reservation is very well-written, with clear, strong prose and a brisk narrative. While an expose, the book is not written in a sensational style, but rather more like a tight fictional narrative. It exposes the shady political machinations behind both the tribe’s â€Å"revival† (if indeed the Mashantucket ever genuinely existed) and the casino’s creation, as well as the infighting between Skip Hayward and Kenny Reels. The book has two main ironies; the first involves Hayward’s own dubious background and evolution into a relatively honest figure, while the second involves race. The tribe drew both white and black recruits from the Northeast, many of whom came from poor backgrounds and saw membership in the Mashantucket Pequot as a means of getting rich without effort. Reels, a black Rhode Islander with a small amount of supposedly Indian blood, exploited the racial differences between the factions to force out Hayward and his adherents. The tribe, intended to unite the races in a race to which none actually belonged, split apart along mainly racial lines. In general, this book offers keen insights into not only the creation of the world’s largest casino but also into how racial identity is manipulated for political and financial reasons, how a group of poor outsiders used public sympathy to gain federal recognition (and money) with virtually no evidence of their Indian ancestry, and how greed and mistrust ultimately ruined the tribe’s key figures. It manages to tell a complex, scandalous, somewhat tragic story without exaggeration or sensation, making it a straightforward, rewarding read. How to cite Caucasians and African Americans, Papers

Since the dawn of human existence and literally th Essay Example For Students

Since the dawn of human existence and literally th Essay Artousands of years before written languages developed, people have used their surroundings as a canvas for expression. Art has changed a great deal since it began many centuries ago. Centuries, however, are not necessary to notice the small changes that are evident even between cultures of similar times. Egyptians were the first people to make a large impact on the world of art. Egyptians needed art for their religious beliefs more than decoration or self-gratification. The most important aspect of Egyptian life is the ka, the part of the human spirit that lives on after death. The ka needed a physical place to occupy or it would disappear. Most of the important men of Egypt paid to have their body carved out of stone. That was were the spirit would live after the man dies. They used stone because it was the strongest material they could find. Longevity was very important. The bodies are always idealized and clothed. Figures are very rigid, close-fisted, and are built on a vertical axis to show that the person is grand or intimidating. Early Greek art was greatly influenced by the Egyptians. Geography permitted both cultures to exchange their talents. The beginning of Greek art is marked by the Geometric phase. The most common art during the Geometric phase was vase painting. After the vase was formed but before it was painted, the artist applied a slip (dark pigment) to outside. Then the vase was fired and the artist would incise his decorations into the hard shell. It was important to incise humans into the fired slip and not paint with slip. The people in the pictures needed light colored skin, which was the color beneath the slip, because Greeks wanted to make their art as realistic as possible. Much like Egyptian art, the Greeks idealized the bodies of the people in their works. As the Archaic Period evolved, Greek sculptures were almost identical to the Egyptians. Unlike Egyptians, the Greeks refined their techniques. Greeks used marble to construct thei r sculptures. It was considered more valuable and beautiful than any material available. Christian art was introduced during the middle of the second century. In many cases the only difference between Christian art and Hellenistic art is the religious subject matter. After a slow start the Christians introduced something new, the mosaic. Mosaics became a favorite medium for decorating churches.Emily Dickinson wrote, If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know that is poetry. The so-called academic painters of the 19th century believed themselves to be doing their part to improve the world in presenting images that contain or reflect good conservative moral values, examples of virtuous behaviour, of inspiring Christian sentiment, and of the sort of righteous conduct and noble sacrifice that would serve as an appropriate model toward which we should all aspire to emulate. The new world order reflected in academic modernism was seen by the progressives as merely supportive of the status quo and offered a future that was little more than a perpetuati on of the present. The conservatives wished to maintain existing institutions and preferred gradual development over radical change. The fifteenth century marked the arrival of the Renaissance. Artists have finally recaptured the amazing detail and realism that the Greeks and Romans perfected. Artists pushed the limits with new exciting mediums and bright colors. Works of art, in my opinion, are the only objects in the material universe to possess internal order, and that is why, though I dont believe that only art matters, I do believe in Art for Arts sake. E. M. Forster (1879 1970)